Friday, October 4, 2024

Why Are Top Brands Betting Big on Influencer Marketing Services? Find Out the Hidden Power

Ever bought something because your favorite influencer swore by it? I have, and honestly, it felt like a friend’s recommendation. That’s the magic of influencer marketing—authenticity.

It’s reshaping how brands connect with audiences, as consumers now trust influencers more than traditional ads. According to a report, the industry is expected to grow to approximately $24 billion by the end of this year.

Influencer marketing services are now helping brands tap into those trusted voices. Influencer marketing agencies handle everything from strategy to partnerships and content creation. For more focused efforts, specialized services dive deep into specific industries.

Don’t confuse influencer marketing platforms with services, though. Platforms use automation and influencer marketing software to match brands with influencers, but services offer a hands-on, custom approach.

In this guide, we’ll explore how these services can take your brand’s visibility to the next level.

What are influencer marketing services?

Eight Sleep

Influencer marketing services are custom solutions provided by influencer marketing agencies or specialists to help brands create successful influencer campaigns. These services offer a personalized, hands-on approach tailored to a brand’s unique goals and audience.

Here’s a breakdown of what these services typically include:

  • Strategy development: The agency starts by defining clear goals and key performance indicators (KPIs). They’ll work with you to shape the campaign’s direction, ensuring it aligns with your objectives.
  • Influencer selection: It’s not just about picking influencers with big followings. Agencies carefully choose influencers whose audience matches your target market and who authentically connect with your brand’s message and values.
  • Campaign management: Once influencers are selected, the agency oversees all aspects of the campaign. This includes coordinating content creation, managing timelines, and ensuring everything runs smoothly from start to finish.
  • Analytics and performance tracking: After the campaign launches, agencies monitor its performance. They track engagement, reach, and ROI, providing insights to optimize current and future efforts.

Types of influencer marketing services

When it comes to influencer marketing, your brand can choose from a wide range of services depending on your goals, budget, and the level of support you need.

Let’s break down some of your options.

Full-service influencer marketing agencies

This type of influencer marketing agency handles every aspect of influencer campaigns, from strategy development to final performance tracking. These agencies provide brands with expert guidance and personalized services throughout the entire process. 

In full-service influencer marketing agencies, seasoned professionals are responsible for:

  • Developing customized influencer marketing strategies tailored to specific brand goals.
  • Selecting influencers who align with the brand’s target audience and values.
  • Overseeing content creation to ensure consistency with both brand messaging and influencer authenticity.
  • Managing campaign execution and monitoring performance to optimize results.

Niche and specialized influencer agencies

Niche influencer agencies, on the other hand, are best if your brand needs something a bit more focused. They concentrate on specific industries, such as beauty, tech, or fitness. 

For example, if you’re a beauty brand looking to adopt social media influencer marketing, tapping an agency in the beauty space will have established connections with influencers who already live and breathe beauty. 

Another benefit is that they’re often plugged into an influencer marketing hub specific to your sector. As a result, they have their finger on the pulse of their industries. They know exactly what’s trending and have access to influencers with stronger, more authentic connections to the audience you want to reach.

Influencer campaign strategy development

A solid influencer marketing strategy doesn’t happen by accident. Influencer marketing services provide expert consultation to ensure every campaign is strategically designed. Here’s how they do it:

  • Defining KPIs and goals
    It all starts with setting clear objectives. Whether it’s increasing brand awareness, driving sales, or boosting engagement, services work with you to establish specific key performance indicators (KPIs) that align with your brand’s goals. These metrics help measure success throughout the campaign.
  • Building a timeline
    Timing is key in the world of social media influencer marketing. Agencies help map out when to launch, what milestones to hit, and how long the campaign should run for maximum effectiveness.
  • Target audience insights
    Knowing who you’re targeting is crucial. Influencer marketing services use data to identify your ideal audience and tailor the campaign to ensure your message hits home with the right demographic on platforms like Instagram, TikTok, or YouTube.

Why customized influencer marketing strategies matter

No two brands are the same, and neither should their influencer campaigns be. A good influencer marketing strategy should feel like an extension of your brand, not just another cookie-cutter template. 

A reputable influencer marketing service ensures that every piece of the campaign aligns with a brand’s unique identity, making sure it truly resonates with its audience. That’s how you get results that matter, not just likes and follows.

Differentiating influencer marketing services from influencer platforms

With the growth of influencer marketing, brands have more ways than ever to tap into the power of influencers. When it comes to deciding between influencer marketing services and influencer marketing platforms, it’s important to understand how they work—and what they bring to the table.

Key differences between services and platforms

The biggest difference? Influencer marketing services rely on expert-led, hands-on management, while influencer marketing platforms use automated tools to help brands connect with influencers. Both can get you to your end goal, but the process and experience couldn’t be more different.

  • Influencer marketing services

A team of professionals guides you through every stage of your campaign. They provide a personal, hands-on approach that ensures alignment with your brand’s identity and goals. Services include:

  • Influencer scouting
  • Relationship management
  • Strategy development
  • Content oversight
  • Performance tracking

These services go beyond basic influencer matchmaking, building fully customized campaigns tailored to your brand’s specific needs. The experts continually adjust the campaign to meet performance goals, delivering personalized and impactful results.

  • Influencer marketing platforms
Brandwatch

Influencer marketing platforms use software to automate the matchmaking process. They let brands search for influencers, track metrics, and manage campaigns through an easy-to-use dashboard. Often part of an influencer marketplace, these platforms leave most of the strategic and creative decisions to the brand, offering less personalized support.

While more budget-friendly and efficient for quick searches, platforms lack the expert input and strategic guidance that influencer marketing services provide, which can be essential for a successful campaign.

Influencer marketing service case study

KISS Falscara & GLUEliner Campaign – The Shelf

Shelf

The Shelf, an influencer marketing agency, provided a strategic and hands-on approach to launching KISS’s Falscara and GLUEliner products. Key aspects of their strategy included:

  • Carefully handpicking 46 micro to mid-tier beauty influencers based on demographics, affinity for beauty, and content quality.
  • Providing specific guidelines to ensure influencers created engaging, tutorial-style content that showcased the product’s unique application process.
  • Focusing on video content to highlight the ease of use and the product’s natural look.
  • Tapping into TikTok and Instagram’s potential for video-driven engagement.

Key campaign results

  • 40% more impressions than expected with a mix of paid and organic content
  • 493,630 organic video views
  • TikTok video with 649,000 views
  • Engagement rates as high as 29.99%

Unlike The Shelf’s hands-on approach, automated influencer platforms use algorithms to select influencers and follow more standardized content creation. These platforms offer convenience and quick matching but lack the personal management and detailed strategy that made KISS’s campaign successful. The Shelf’s ability to customize and optimize each part of the campaign led to better engagement and more genuine influencer content.

How to choose the right influencer marketing agency

Picking the right influencer marketing agency is a big decision. You’re essentially trusting them to be the bridge between your brand and the influencer world. Below are some tips on how to evaluate potential partners.

Assessing agency expertise

Not all influencer marketing agencies are created equal, and that’s a good thing. The trick is finding one that knows your industry inside and out. Some key factors to keep in mind:

  1. Industry expertise:
    Does the agency have experience in your specific sector? Whether it’s fashion, tech, fitness, or beauty, you’ll want an agency that understands the ins and outs of your market. Agencies with a solid portfolio in your industry can better connect your brand with influencers who truly resonate with your target audience.
  2. Client portfolio:
    Take a look at who the agency has worked with before. Have they partnered with brands similar to yours? A diverse and strong client portfolio can be a good sign that they know what they’re doing. It shows that they can handle various brands and campaigns, from startups to large enterprises.
  3. Influencer connections:
    The heart of a good influencer marketing agency is its network of influencers. Do they have strong relationships with key players in your space? A well-connected agency will know which influencers to tap into for maximum impact, whether you’re going for broad awareness or targeted engagement.
  4. Pricing structures and service packages:
    Different agencies have various pricing models. This can either be a flat fee, percentage of campaign spend, or performance-based pricing. Make sure you understand what you’re paying for and what’s included in the package—are you getting full campaign management, or will you need to handle some pieces yourself? The best agencies will be transparent about their pricing and offer flexible packages that fit your needs and budget.

Services to look for in an influencer marketing agency

A reputable influencer marketing agency should also have a services suite designed to take your campaign from idea to execution and beyond. Here are the key services you should expect:

Influencer vetting

One of the most crucial steps in influencer marketing services is vetting potential influencers. The agency should analyze each influencer’s audience demographics, engagement rates, and authenticity to ensure they’re the right fit for your brand. They should also handle any due diligence to avoid partnerships with influencers who may have controversial or inconsistent reputations.

Contract management

A good agency will handle all the nitty-gritty legal stuff. This can range from negotiating rates to managing contracts. Influencer agreements can be tricky, especially if you’re working with big names. The agency should make sure the contracts are clear, fair, and protect your interests.

Campaign execution

When it comes to social media influencer marketing, proper campaign execution is a must. A solid agency will manage every aspect of the process. They will coordinate content creation and ensure influencers stick to the timeline. Additionally, they make sure influencers deliver the agreed-upon posts or videos on time. They should also ensure that the content stays on brand and adheres to your campaign goals.

Post-campaign analytics

A campaign doesn’t end when the influencer hits “post.” The best agencies will provide detailed post-campaign analytics. They should be able to track everything, from engagement rates and conversions to ROI. This data helps you understand what worked, what didn’t, and where to improve next time. Without proper analysis, you’re essentially flying blind.

Best practices for social media influencer marketing

Social media influencer marketing can be a game-changer for your brand, but it’s not just about finding the right influencers and letting them do their thing. Success comes from building strategic, well-thought-out partnerships and relying on data to guide your decisions. Let’s dive into some best practices that can help you get the most out of your influencer marketing efforts.

Collaborating with influencers

Collaboration is key when working with influencers. It’s not enough to just hand them your product and hope for the best. To truly succeed in social media influencer marketing, you need to ensure that your goals align and that the content they create feels authentic to both their audience and your brand.

Define clear goals

Before reaching out to any influencers, take time to define your campaign goals. Are you aiming to increase brand awareness, drive conversions, or launch a new product? Knowing your purpose will guide every other decision, from influencer selection to campaign execution. Clarity on goals keeps both you and the influencer aligned on what success looks like.

Customize your outreach

A generic pitch won’t cut it. Personalize your approach to each influencer, showing them why your brand resonates with their content and audience. This extra effort can make a big difference in forming genuine partnerships.

Ask the right questions

When considering potential influencers, dig deep. Ask them questions about their audience demographics, engagement rates, and past collaborations. Understanding who their followers are and how they interact will help you decide if they’re the right fit for your brand and goals.

Encourage authentic content

Ideally, influencers should know their followers better than anyone. Rather than micromanaging their creative process, let them have some freedom. Allow them to present your brand in a way that feels natural to them. Remember, authenticity is what drives engagement. Their audiences can tell when their favorite influencer is just going through the motions.

Focus on long-term partnerships

Building long-term relationships with influencers is often more effective than running one-off campaigns. Consistency over time helps establish trust with their followers. A familiar face representing your brand can have a more powerful impact than a one-time promotion, leading to better engagement and stronger results.

Leveraging data and analytics

Relying on gut feelings or assumptions in your influencer marketing campaign just won’t cut it. To maximize your results, you need to tap into the power of data and let the numbers guide your decisions.

Data-driven decision-making

Tracking performance metrics throughout your campaign is essential for success. Focus on key areas like:

  • Engagement rates
  • Follower growth
  • Website traffic
  • Conversions

By analyzing this data, you can identify what’s working and where adjustments are needed. This helps you refine your strategy and maximize your ROI.

Using influencer marketing software

Many brands rely on influencer marketing software to gather real-time insights. These platforms offer valuable data on metrics like audience demographics and campaign performance. They allow you to easily track KPIs and assess which influencers are delivering the best results, ensuring your investment is well-placed.

Measuring ROI and audience engagement

At the end of the day, your campaign’s success is measured by ROI. Influencer marketing services and software provide in-depth analytics that shows how effectively you’re reaching your target audience and driving engagement. These metrics give you a clear picture of your campaign’s impact and help shape more effective strategies moving forward.

Wrapping up

In today’s world, authenticity and connection are key to brand success. Influencer marketing services offer a way for your brand to achieve just that. Rather than relying on automated platforms, these services ensure that every decision, from influencer selection to campaign management, is carefully considered and aligned with your goals.

If you’re ready to unlock the full potential of influencer marketing and rise above the noise, it’s time to partner with an agency that truly understands your vision. Choose wisely, and let your brand’s voice be heard in the right way.

FAQs

What are influencer marketing services?

Influencer marketing services are professional solutions provided by agencies or experts to connect brands with influencers. These services typically include strategy development, influencer selection, campaign management, content creation, and performance tracking.

What is the mission of an influencer marketing agency?

Influencer marketing agencies aim to help brands create successful partnerships with influencers. They develop tailored strategies that align with the brand’s goals, manage influencer relationships, and ensure campaigns drive engagement and results.

What is the best strategy for influencer marketing?

The best strategy for influencer marketing depends on your brand’s goals. It often involves selecting the right influencers who align with your target audience, creating authentic content, and using data to optimize campaign performance. Long-term partnerships with influencers are also more effective than one-off collaborations.

How much does it cost to hire an influencer marketing agency?

The cost of hiring an influencer marketing agency varies widely based on the services provided, the size of your campaign, and the agency’s expertise. Agencies may charge anywhere from a few thousand to tens of thousands of dollars per campaign, depending on the scope.

How much do influencer marketing services cost?

It depends on the specific services you require, such as strategy development, influencer sourcing, or full campaign management. Costs can range from a few hundred dollars for small services to larger budgets for comprehensive campaign management.

The post Why Are Top Brands Betting Big on Influencer Marketing Services? Find Out the Hidden Power appeared first on jeffbullas.com.



* This article was originally published here

Start making $100+ per day this week with the best dfy system - Subscribe here!




Wednesday, October 2, 2024

The Surprising Link Between Social Media and Unstoppable Motivation – Is It Real?

Discovering motivation is like finding the keys to a place of magic—a place where effort feels effortless, motivation appears naturally, and force transforms into flow. In this sacred space, your life’s purpose can be revealed.

This is the story of how I unexpectedly found my way into that hidden chamber.

In 2008, I became curious about the rise of social media after logging into Facebook. In a few minutes after creating an account and entering some basic information such as the college I went to, I was instantly connected to my colleagues I hadn’t seen or heard of in over 30 years.

Instant global connection to a past tribe and time seemed a bit magical.  That curiosity and observation became compelling and I sensed that this was a game-changer. 

The next step was to sign up to Twitter (someone with an “X” fetish changed its name recently) and I started to engage with people online in 140 characters. As I was in Sydney, Australia and most of the audience was in the USA, I could see America wake up as they came online on Twitter in the morning.

This was my late evening. Being a night owl allowed me to watch Americans wipe the sleep from their eyes, sip coffee in front of their screens, and go from dazed and sleepy to conscious.

The curiosity about this new technology turned into a slow burn that became a compulsion. The next step was to start writing about it on a blog.

I then shared my writing on social media about what I was observing and learning. My simple blog posts gained some attention. People thanked me for writing an article. They commented and re-shared.

I started to get some visibility online. I managed to creep up to 10 views a day and then 50. I was receiving affirmation. It was a simple virtuous loop. Write, share and be noticed. 

I didn’t know then how powerful that simple feedback loop was. It lit a fire that flipped a switch.  It’s affirmation.

What is affirmation?

Affirmation is where your actions are reinforced with positive reinforcement. The feedback tells you that you are on the right track and moving in the right direction and builds confidence.  It is motivating and affirming.

In the past and “Before Social Media” (BSM) if you wrote a book it would take years before the writing received affirmation. Today you can write a blog post or post a video and instantly receive likes and comments. 

Affirmation on social media

Affirmation on social media is motivation on steroids. 

And is revealed in several ways with interactions that provide validation, positive reinforcement, and emotional support. Social media platforms amplify the effects of affirmation by offering users instant feedback from a wide audience.

Social media platforms amplify the effects of affirmation by offering users instant feedback from a wide audience. 

Here’s how it manifests:

  • Likes, hearts, and reactions (Instant validation)
  • Comments and positive feedback
  • Shares and reposts that provides social proof
  • Follower growth and engagement metrics (quantified validation)
  • Viral Content is a type of supercharged validation where you see your attention spread like a wildfire globally. 
EMB Global

The combination of all these psychological elements via the global social media platforms in real time provide a “Dopamine Effect” with “Social Media Affirmation.”

ResearchGate

This is neurological affirmation in almost its purest form. The instant feedback loop of likes, comments, and shares triggers the brain’s reward system, releasing dopamine, the feel-good chemical.  And like any well designed drug it can be hard to ignore.

Affirmation on social media has the power to be a launchpad for success. Take Justin Bieber, for instance. He began as a kid uploading videos of himself singing cover songs on YouTube. The positive feedback he received from early viewers caught the attention of music producer Scooter Braun, leading to a record deal and global superstardom.

Similarly, Shawn Mendes followed a parallel path, gaining fame on Vine with cover songs that went viral, leading to millions of followers and ultimately a major recording contract. Their stories show how validation from an audience can fuel creativity and open doors to opportunities that were previously unimaginable.

Why it matters

As humans we need and secretly crave affirmation. And social media can do that in an instant. This reinforces a desire to seek further affirmation by posting more content, checking for new likes, and staying active on social platforms.

This virtuous and also dangerous loop is addictive as we always want more attention and affirmation. We now live in a world where the cult of celebrity puts celebrities on pedestals and bows down to them as gods. 

Going deeper

The key elements that provide affirmation to humans, fueling motivation and action, can be distilled into several psychological and emotional drivers:

1. Recognition and validation

Humans are motivated by external validation, such as praise, awards, or positive feedback from others. This provides a sense of accomplishment and reinforces a belief in one’s abilities.

2. Progress and achievement

Seeing measurable progress or achieving small, incremental goals creates a sense of momentum. This fuels a desire to continue, reinforcing motivation and action.

3. Sense of purpose and meaning

Feeling aligned with a deeper purpose (e.g., a cause, mission, or personal value) gives motivation a powerful, intrinsic dimension. Purpose-driven action feels more fulfilling and meaningful, which makes effort worthwhile.

4. Autonomy and control

Humans feel more motivated when they have control over their choices and actions. Being able to direct their own paths or feel empowered leads to more engaged and sustained action.

5. Belonging and connection

Social affirmation from a group or community provides a sense of belonging. Whether from family, friends, colleagues, or a community, this emotional connection motivates individuals to take action and remain engaged.

6. Positive feedback loop (The virtuous cycle)

Affirmation often leads to confidence, which encourages more action. Successful action results in further affirmation (e.g., recognition, progress, validation), which further strengthens motivation. This self-reinforcing cycle can create a virtuous loop: success breeds more motivation, which leads to further success.

Being aware of these psychological drivers can help you tap into them for building motivation to create a full life. Joseph Campbell discovered his purpose during his lifetime.

He took his childhood curiosity of American Indian myths and stories that became so compelling that he distilled them into many books and led to his creation of the framework that was unveiled in the book  “The Hero’s Journey.” That book became the inspiration to George Lucas writing the film play and the movie “Star Wars.”

His simple answer to motivation was distilled into this 3 word phrase – “Follow your bliss”. But he lived in a simpler world where social media hadn’t been invented.

Once you’re in the virtuous loop, social media affirmation can fuel your creativity and help you make a real impact. Just look at Lilly Singh, who started her YouTube channel by posting comedic videos. The positive feedback she received motivated her to keep creating, eventually landing her a late-night TV show.

Then there’s MrBeast, whose constant pursuit of bigger and better content fueled by the endless cycle of likes, views, and comments led him to build a brand that now spans millions of dollars and philanthropic endeavors. These creators are living proof that when you stay in the virtuous loop, your work can grow and inspire millions.

Is your affirmation a “virtuous loop” or a dangerous addiction?

When the various affirmation elements are continuously met, they tend to form a virtuous cycle that motivates us to create, publish and share, or at its worst a vicious circle and addiction that stops us leaning into life.

But many of us are addicted to our phones watching a virtual world while the real world passes us by. “Smelling the roses” is replaced by Watching the Jones’ small lives on a small screen. No meaningful work has been done but your attention has been stolen.  

The virtuous loop

Positive affirmations create emotional rewards (dopamine, a sense of fulfillment), which increases motivation to act, creating more opportunities for success and further affirmation. And the virtuous loop applies more to the creator stepping and sharing their art with the world. 

The loop is particularly strong when the individual:

  • Receives consistent recognition or validation
  • Feels that their actions are contributing to a meaningful goal
  • Gains a sense of autonomy and connection in the process.

The good side of this loop is to step into creating content and art that matters and sharing it with the world. This motivation can end up providing a body of work that can change the world and motivate a tribe that craves your art. 

The vicious and addictive cycle

But what happens when the pursuit of affirmation takes a darker turn? When we aren’t creating but instead find ourselves endlessly consuming, lost in a sea of content? This is where the vicious and addictive cycle begins.

I’ve seen it happen first hand—both in my own life and in the experiences of others. Moments when what began as a source of inspiration and motivation slowly morphed into something far more destructive.

For me, it wasn’t just about sharing anymore; it was about chasing those likes, those comments, those quick hits of dopamine that would light up my brain like fireworks.

I remember catching myself checking for updates almost obsessively, feeling a sense of unease when the notifications were quiet. Was I still relevant? Was my work still resonating? 

For others, it’s a similar story: creators who started out passionate, driven by the thrill of sharing their art or ideas, only to find themselves burnt out and disillusioned. The constant need for affirmation becomes an addiction, pulling us into the comparison trap.

You see someone else’s post go viral, and suddenly, your own success feels insignificant. Instead of staying grounded in your creative journey, you get lost in the numbers, craving more attention, more validation, and losing sight of the joy you once had in simply creating.

Even creators like Charli D’Amelio, who skyrocketed to fame on TikTok, have spoken about the pressures that come with being at the top. The constant need to please followers and maintain their attention can turn into a heavy burden, where success is no longer fulfilling but rather a source of anxiety.

The addictive nature of affirmation pulls creators deeper into seeking validation instead of focusing on their creative purpose.

This cycle doesn’t just rob you of your creativity—it can chip away at your mental health. You might find yourself questioning your worth when the likes don’t come, when the comments are few, or when the engagement drops. Anxiety creeps in.

The pressure to perform, to constantly create content that pleases others, becomes overwhelming. And that’s when the danger lies—affirmation becomes a double-edged sword, a force that can propel you forward but also drag you down into a spiral of self-doubt and exhaustion.

So, what can we do to break free?

Practical Steps for Maintaining Balance

The key to avoiding this vicious cycle is to remain intentional with how you use social media. It’s crucial to remember that while affirmation can be motivating, it shouldn’t define your creative process. Here are a few steps you can take to maintain balance:

1. Set intentional goals  

 Define what success means to you beyond likes and shares. Is it producing work that feels meaningful to you? Is it connecting with a community? When you anchor your creative goals in something more substantial than external validation, it becomes easier to stay grounded.

2. Affirmation detox  

Take regular breaks from social media to reconnect with your core motivations. Step away from the noise and spend time creating offline. Use these breaks to reflect on why you started creating in the first place and to ensure that your creativity isn’t solely fueled by external affirmation.

3. Mindful creation vs. consumption  

Become aware of how much time you spend creating versus consuming. Ask yourself: are you actively putting your work out into the world, or are you getting lost in endless scrolling? Set boundaries for yourself—limit the time spent passively consuming content and refocus that energy into mindful creation. 

4. Build a supportive circle  

Surround yourself with a community that values and supports your work beyond the metrics. Having people who appreciate what you create, not just how it performs online, can help you stay connected to your purpose and remind you that your work has value, regardless of the algorithm.

5. Reflect on your affirmation needs  

Why do you crave affirmation? Is it rooted in insecurity or genuine desire for feedback? Understanding your own psychology can help you approach affirmation with more awareness, avoiding the slippery slope of addiction.

The bottom line

Motivation through affirmation is a two edged sword. And social media cuts two ways. 

Social media gave me global attention to my writing. It took me around the world speaking at international conferences. I received instant affirmation and motivation to keep writing. It lit a fire that changed my life. 

But if the affirmation of some online attention diminishes your life by stealing your mind and time then you have landed on the wrong side of motivation via affirmation.

So…do you want to play the system or be “played by it”? Do you want to be a creator of information and content that matters? Or just a scrolling dopamine hunting consumer of information that doesn’t matter? 

The post The Surprising Link Between Social Media and Unstoppable Motivation – Is It Real? appeared first on jeffbullas.com.



* This article was originally published here

Start making $100+ per day this week with the best dfy system - Subscribe here!




Why Are Top Brands Betting Big on Influencer Marketing Services? Find Out the Hidden Power

Ever bought something because your favorite influencer swore by it? I have, and honestly, it felt like a friend’s recommendation. That’s the...